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Stem Rot

Stem rot is a serious condition where the stem tissue decays, often starting at the soil line. It requires immediate intervention.

Possible Causes

Overwatering and Poor Drainage

Why: Constantly wet conditions promote fungal and bacterial pathogens that attack stem tissue.

Signs to check: Stem is dark and soft at the base, may be constricted at the soil line, soil stays wet.

Fungal Pathogens (Fusarium, Pythium)

Why: These soil-borne fungi attack weakened roots and stems, especially in wet, poorly drained conditions.

Signs to check: Stem darkens from the base upward, tissue may appear water-soaked, plant wilts despite moist soil.

Physical Damage

Why: Wounds on the stem can allow pathogens to enter and cause rot.

Signs to check: Rot originates from a specific wound or damaged area on the stem, localized infection.

What to Check

1
Inspect the stem at and below the soil line for soft, dark tissue
2
Check if the rot is progressing upward from the base
3
Assess soil moisture and drainage conditions
4
Look for any wounds or damage that could be an entry point

What You Can Do

Cut the stem well above the rotted area with a sterile blade
If healthy tissue remains above the rot, try rooting it as a cutting
Discard all affected soil and sterilize the pot before reuse
Repot surviving portions in fresh, well-draining mix
Drastically reduce watering and ensure excellent drainage going forward

When to Seek Help

Rot has reached the main growing point or crown
Entire stem is soft — propagation may not be possible
Other plants in the same area are showing similar symptoms

Key Takeaway

Stem rot is often fatal if not caught early. Act quickly to save healthy tissue and correct the wet conditions that caused it.

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Sources: NC State Extension, Missouri Botanical Garden. Content compiled from publicly available horticultural references for educational purposes. Source organizations are listed for transparency only and do not imply endorsement.

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